One has to look at the whales in gold, which is the central banks. They follow trends in timing purchases tp a point, although not as much so as institutional buyers and retail buyers. In most cases, geopolitical uncertainty causes precious metals to rise. However, when Persian gulf oil is involved, past dynamics make for a different consideration. Once before, when the oil stopped flowing from the Persian gulf, the gulf states kept their economies going by selling gold. When oil started flowing again, they restocked their gold reserves, but while they were selling, it moved the market downward. While there ap[ear to be no confirmed central bank sales from the gulf states, including Saudi Arabia yet, the liklihood that there will be has been priced into the market, and also has caused central bank buying to be paused. Silver and gold tend to follow each other in direction, and that is also impacting silver.
The fact that oil and gas infrastructure is being damaged by Iranian attacks may cause this to play out over a longer period than the previous time when there was no such damage, because they may have to dip into their gold reserves over a longer period.
Selling gold to keep economies afloat happens from time to time. With Turkey, it has happened several times with an economic crisis, but as soon as that has passed, they jump in and replenish their gold reserves. A few years ago, a severe economic crises in Sri Lanka that became a political crisis and caused the president and prime minister to flee the country led to them selling almost all of their gold, but the economy has not recovered enough for them to try to refill their reserves.
When a central bank sells gold, public reports will reveal it. However, sovereign wealth funds in the Middle East and elsewhere have also been buying gold, and when they sell it is not necessarily well known. Most if not all of the gulf states have gold in the sovereign wealth funds, and it is likely that is what would be sold rather than central bank gold. Here is why central banks are rotating out of fiat currencies:
Many central banks have been rotating out of fiat currencies and into gold in recent years. A dip in gold prices while the dollar is strong makes an excellent time to do that, There is little doubt that central banks are watching the whole situation closely on when to jump in to take advantage of that. The big unknown is how long it will take for the gulf states to get their oil and gas flowing again.
There are some other interesting factors here. One is the gating of investments in the private credit marker, meaning investors cannot get their money out of many of the leading players there, so when they need cash, they have to sell a different asset. Often that is paper gold or paper silver, either Comex contracts or ETF's.
Then there is the potential implosion of the paper gold and particularly silver markets at the Comex. The Comex was designed with the concept that most contracts would be cash settled instead of contract holders standing for delivery. However, with silver over the last year or so, with mine supply less than annual demand, many buyers of Comex contracts have been standing for delivery, and that is seriously draining Comex's silver vaults. More recently, the same thing has started happening in gold. Once those vaults are fully drained, it will blow up the main paper silver and paper gold markets. It is a lot closer to happening in silver than in gold, some predict only a matter of a few months but that would probably accelerate the process in gold, and some predict that it would cause such a loss of trust that it would sweep through all of the derivative markets tin most everything.
One also has to remember that the biggest silver and gold ETF's are run by a bank that has been heavily fined for manipulating the silver market in the past, and there are doubts it really has the metal to back up its obligations.