So are these dollar figures for unpaid mortgages, maintenance fees, or both?
I should let Doug reply, but I assume that the bad debt is mainly maintenance.
The initial purchase and resulting mortgage are not the HOA's responsibility. If someone defaults on the mortgage, that does not directly impact the HOA. It impacts wthe company that issued the loan.
With Massanutten, one has an option of a no interest loan with 50% down and 12 monthly payments. If you default, you lose at least half your money.
Or you could get a 18% interest mortgage for up to ten years. A third party takes the risk and that's why the interest rate is so great.
The $31.50 bad debt that I cited is mainly maintenance fee bad debt.