I refer to it as "Making something out of nothing."
Many photos taken are not at their best, from the camera. They most often can be improved upon by editing prior to presentation.
I don't think of it as making something out of nothing. I regard it as completing the photo. A painter first creates the basic framework and structure of the image; then develops the final painting on that base. Same thing with photos; the base image returned by the camera is the framework for producing the final image you want to create.
I'm with you Robert. Most of the time I want to shoot. I have a very difficult time seeing in my mind how compositional elements fit together; I have to physically see it. Around the house I don't do well imagining what a room would really look like if it were a different color, for example. I can see the color, decide whether or not I like the color in isolation. But when I try to put the color in the room I have a very hard time seeing how the color would work with other colors in the room. I can't envision how different pieces of furniture would coordinate or clash. In the yard, I have a hard time planning gardenscapes because I can't see how the colors, textures, shapes, etc. will all fit together.
So time spent trying to do that when I'm holding a camera is also unproductive. But when I'm working with the image I can see immediately what I'm doing. One hour spent working with images on the screen is far more productive for me than one hour spent tweaking camera settings in the field.
That doesn't mean I ignore compositional elements in the field. I try to be aware of them and if I can see them as I'm setting up I'll take advantage. Also, where I do have time to wait - as when I'm doing a sunset picture and waiting for the sun to go down - I do take more time to plan things out.
But mostly what happens is that I see a scene that I like - most often it has to with the way something is illuminated - and I grab the camera and shoot. I pan back, figuring I can always crop to get the composition. With lighting even a mundane subject can be attractive.
The photo below of the Wo On Store in Halawa on the Big Island is an example. This picture is totally about the way the light was filtering through and catching the storefront and surrounding vegetation; without the lighting this is just a mundane picture of a nondescript older building with some bungled remodeling and a parked car. We were driving into Halawa in the afternoon, and I saw the building. I quickly pulled off to the side of the road (as DW was rolling her eyes and developing that "This is getting annoying!!!" look in her body language), grabbed the camera and shot off about four pictures. It wasn't until later that I learned the building actually had some historical significance. But the photo isn't made because of what the building is - the photo is made by the lighting.