Any digital telephone system, whether VoIP, Comcast, some other one or a cellular system, must tie into the POTS in order to connect to a traditional service telephone.
A Comcast subscriber must tie into either an Internet telephone junction, a POTS juction or a cellular system in order to complete a phone call that way. The best quality of service probably would be for the subscriber's "company" to carry the "connection" as far as possible before completing the call to the called party's system. That would save them money, too, because they likely would have to pay for the "last mile" of the connection on the called party's system.
Probably all of these connection decisions are made based on the negotiations that the system proprietors made with each other. For example, "I'll let you use my system in Massachusetts if you let me use yours in Nevada." Perhaps at the end of a month, they compare minutes used in Nevada vs. minutes used in Massachusetts.
A VoIP company preps your packets and sends them out over the Internet cloud, rather than its own wires or optical fiber to one of its nodes or the node of a cooperating VoIP company that connects to the destination system.
By using Comcast broadband with a VoIP provider, you are dependent on the Internet for telephone connectivity and on your VoIP provider for its methods of carrying your calls (its compression method, for example, and whatever its clout in the Internet community is maybe; I'm really reaching now). There are fledgeling VoIP standards that many but not all VoIP providers are using.
I don't blame you for using VoIP instead of Comcast, when it saves you substantial money and serves your purposes. I would do the same. The magazine piece I saw implies that Comcast digital phone service can be better than VoIP under some circumstances. The TUGgers that have posted here seem to support that.