I worked in Manhattan and lived in Manhattan and Brooklyn for twenty-eight years. During that time, I purchased, and evaluated for purchase, numerous properties.
It's pretty much common knowledge among most NYC real estate investors that owners of co-ops in a co-op building have what's called "joint and several liability". I just did a search for "co-op joint and several liability" and this was one of the results:
- Basic concept: When two or more parties are jointly and severally liable, each party is independently responsible for the entire amount of an obligation or debt. This means that if a plaintiff (the party owed money) wins a judgment, they can collect the full amount from any one of the liable parties. The party who pays the entire amount then has the right to seek reimbursement (contribution) from the other responsible parties for their share.
- In a co-op:
- Shareholders' responsibility: In a co-op, shareholders own shares in the corporation that owns the building, not the individual unit itself. They are responsible for a share of the cooperative's financial obligations, including building maintenance and upkeep, renovations, and underlying property mortgages.
- Potential for joint and several liability: While generally, co-op members have limited liability for the cooperative's debts, there may be instances where joint and several liability comes into play. For example, if a lawsuit against the co-op results in damages exceeding the co-op's insurance coverage, individual shareholders might be assessed to cover the shortfall. In such cases, if the co-op's governing documents include a provision for joint and several liability for assessments or debts, an individual shareholder could potentially be responsible for the entire amount owed if other shareholders are unable to pay their share.