It isn't undetermined, but it is up for negotiation. When Marriott sold the original deed, it was the MFs from the use year and the year after that applied to that use year. So if Marriott sold a 2008 use year, they started collecting MFs in 2008. That is how they sold them. So if that original owner now wants to sell, they could either get a half price use year from 2020 if they have the new owner pay the 2021 MFs.
My information suggests that it is the year of the usage and the following year. Since you want usage in 2022, you should wait until then to transfer it or for II, until you've deposited it. The neutral way to do so would be for you to pay the 2022 fees and the 2023 fees then the new owner starts with the fees due in Jan 2024 and going forward. Of course it is negotiable at this point between you and the recipient. I'm willing to bet that MVC requires someone to prepay the fees to complete the transfer.
ONe would only have to have their current years fees paid (though we have seen weeks transferred where they are not) in order to transfer. @echino is correct that there is no real allocation of the MF payments to a use year. Marriott doesn't care who pays what. THey just start billing the new owner of record going forward. So for a 2021 use year example, if you use it this year and sell it, you would have paid the 2021 MFs but the new owner would start getting billed in 2022. In a different example like yours, with a 2022 usage, they wouldn't require anyone to prepay 2022 and 2023 MFs in order to use 2022 use.